The condition formerly known as PCOS will now be called PMOS, a name experts say better reflects its hormonal and metabolic complexity.

After decades of criticism from patients, researchers and healthcare professionals, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) has officially been renamed Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS).

The decision follows years of growing concern that the term “PCOS” was medically inaccurate and failed to capture the full scope of the condition. Calls for a name change date back to the 1990s and early 2000s, with experts repeatedly arguing that the condition extends far beyond ovarian health alone.

In a 2023 global survey exploring a possible rename, 85.6% of patients and 76.1% of health professionals agreed that the name should change, reflecting widespread frustration with terminology many considered misleading.

Over the years, these surveys consistently found that both doctors and patients associated PCOS too heavily with ovarian cysts, even though many diagnosed patients do not actually have cysts on their ovaries.

“It was very clear that the name was inaccurate,” said Professor Helena Teede, who chaired the international steering group behind the renaming effort. Teede and other researchers say the new name better reflects the condition’s broader endocrine and metabolic effects, including its links to insulin resistance, reproductive health, skin conditions, weight regulation and cardiovascular risk.

Read also: The realities of PCOS: “I went to three hospitals before I finally knew what was wrong with me”

Why renaming PCOS was crucial to female healthcare

The biggest criticism of the term PCOS is that it frames the condition around “polycystic ovaries,” even though polycystic ovaries are not required for diagnosis.

When doctors first described the condition in 1935, they observed ovaries that appeared enlarged and uneven during surgery and assumed the structures on them were cysts. Researchers now understand that these are not true pathological cysts.

Actual ovarian cysts are abnormal fluid-filled sacs that can rupture, bleed, grow larger and sometimes require surgery. According to Teede and other researchers, people with PMOS are not more likely to develop these pathological cysts than people without the condition.

Instead, many patients have what researchers call “arrested follicles,” which are immature eggs that fail to mature because hormonal disruptions interfere with ovulation fully. These follicles may appear cyst-like on scans, but medically, they are not cysts. That distinction became central to the push for a new name. 

Over time, the term PCOS created confusion among patients who believed they needed visible cysts for diagnosis, while also narrowing public understanding of the condition to fertility and menstruation alone.

The new term PMOS aims to reflect the condition more accurately. “Polyendocrine” acknowledges the multiple hormonal systems involved. “Metabolic” highlights the condition’s strong association with insulin resistance, diabetes risk and weight regulation. “Ovarian” retains recognition of its reproductive impact, including irregular ovulation and infertility.

The name change also reflects a growing medical understanding that the condition affects far more than reproductive organs alone. PMOS can influence metabolism, cardiovascular health, skin conditions, hair growth, inflammation and mental health.

Read also: “A part of me has made peace with not being able to have kids”: Nigerian women speak on the realities of PCOS and infertility

Why the shift from PCOS to PMOS could matter more than we think

Many researchers and patient advocates have largely welcomed the name change. They believe the new terminology could improve both diagnosis and treatment by encouraging doctors to approach the condition as a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder rather than primarily a reproductive one.

For many patients, the name change also carries emotional significance. People living with the condition have long argued that the old term oversimplified their experiences and reduced a multi-system disorder to ovarian appearance alone.

The change could also improve public awareness. Many patients spend years navigating symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, fatigue, insulin resistance, weight fluctuations and anxiety before receiving a diagnosis. Advocates hope the new name will encourage broader conversations around those symptoms and their connection to hormonal health.

At the same time, the transition may create short-term confusion. PCOS has existed in medical literature, public health discussions and online communities for decades. Replacing such a widely recognised term will require updates across healthcare systems, research papers, advocacy groups and patient education resources.

There is also the reality that changing a name does not automatically solve the deeper issues surrounding diagnosis delays, treatment access or the historical underfunding of women’s health research.

Still, many experts see the move from PCOS to PMOS as more than symbolic. They view it as a recognition that the condition was misunderstood for years and that medical language should evolve alongside scientific understanding.

Read more: As more women share their PCOS journeys, we spoke to a healthcare professional about managing the symptoms — here’s everything you need to know 

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